sdn uf}td
a'afn] p;sf] a'afsf] gfd ;f]Wg'eof] . To;kl5 s] eof], dnfO{ s]xL yfxf 5}g . d lrof lnP/ a}7sdf
cfp"bf a'af ;/f]hsf] a'afnfO{ ufnL ub}{ x'g'x'GYof] / p;nfO{ eGb} x'g'x'GYof] æof] ljjfx x'g ;Sb}g ;/f]hhL . d]/L 5f]/LnfO{
lal;{lbg'xf];\ .Æ
lgbf]{if ;/f]hsf] x"l;nf] cg'xf/ b'lvt ePsf] lyof] . ;/f]hn] k'n'Ss dlt/ x]¥of] / d]/f] xftsf]
lrof;Dd glnO{ h'?Ss p7]/ aflx/ lgl:sof] . d}n] t o:tf] b[Zo Pp6f ;:tf] lxGbL lkmNddf dfq b]v]sf] lyP" t/ cfh cfkm}+n] ef]Ug'k¥of]
. dnfO{ a'afsf] lg0f{olj?4 Toltv]/ s'g} s'/f af]Ng] ;fx;} ePg . ;/f]h aflx/sf] d'Vo u]6 vf]n]/ uof], d xftsf] lrof ;dfP/ pm
uPlt/ x]l//x]+ . /, lrofsf skx? ToxL+ 5f8]/ u]6lt/ hfg'sf] ;§f dfly 5t;Dd k'u]/ ;/f]hnfO{ x]g{ yfn]+ . af6f]df st} gb]v]kl5,
5tdf a;]/ ?g yfn]+ . d]/f ;kgfx? rsgfr'/ eP . s] ;f]r]sL lyP", s] eof] < dnfO{ ;fGTjgf lbg sf]xL cfPg . l5ge/d} a'af uf8L
lnP/ aflx/ lg:sg'eof] . cfdf dnfO{ vf]Hb} 5tdf cfpg'eof] . /, ;Demfp"b} eGg'eof] 5f]/L ltd|f] a'af / ;/f]hsf] a'afsf] klxnf
Pp6} clkm; lyof] . ltd|f] a'afsf] 7"nf] kf]i6 eP klg ;/f]hsf] a'afn] ltd|f] a'afsf] s'/f dfGg'x'GgYof] . h;sf] sf/0f 7"nf]
ljjfb eP/ ;/f]hsf] a'afn] Tof] clkm; g} 5f8\g'eof] . cfh;Dd klg af]nrfn 5}g .Ú
d ;/f]haf6 cnlUuP/ a:g ;lSbg lyP" . Tof]lbg d}n] vfgf vfg} ;lsg . csf]{lbg laxfg} sl/a ( ah]
d}n] ;/f]hnfO{ kmf]g u/]+ . geGb} kmf]g p;}n] p7fof] . d}n] lxhf]sf] s'/fdf ?"b} eg]+ ælxhf]sf] s'/fdf dnfO{ dfkm ul/lbgf];\
. d}n] t s] ;f]r]sL lyP", v} s] eof] . d]/f ;kgfx?====Æ
d af]Ng} ;lsg . s]jn /f]O/x]+ . d]/f] kl/jf/;"u cToGt} l/;fPsf] ;/f]hn] Tof]lbg kmf]gd} eGof]
æcfzf dnfO{ lxhf] ltd|f] a'afn] u/]sf] dk|ltsf] Jojxf/ 7Ls nfu]g . d}n] ltdL;"u k|]d u/]sf] x'", ltd|f] a'af / kl/jf/;"u xf]Og
. To;}n] ltd|f] h:tf] ljrf/ 5, d Tof];"u ;xdt 5' . To;}n] ef]ln dnfO{ $ ah] nugv]ndf e]6]/ hjfkm b]pm .Æ
d]/f] csf]{lbg lgi7'/tfsf ;fy cfof] . d rf/ ah] 3/df yfx} glbO{ hxf" xfdL e]6\g] uYof}{+, nugv]nsf]
ToxL /]i6'/]06df uP/ a;]+ . sl/a $=!% ah] ;/f]h cfof] . Tof]lbg pm pbf; lyof] . p;sf] cg'xf/df /f]bg lyof] . ;w}+ xf":g] cfkm\gf]
k|]dLnfO{ Tof] ?kdf b]Vg'kbf{ lbSs nfUof] . d}n] km]l/ lxhf]sf] 36gfk|lt dfkmL dfu]+ . p;n] Tof] 36gfnfO{ sf]6\ofpg rfx]g
. /, Tof]lbg pm d;"u w]/} af]n]g . Tof]lbg d}n] p;nfO{ eg]+ æ;/f]h, d ltdLlagf af"Rg} ;lSbg . dnfO{ ljjfx u/===Æ p;n] dnfO{
x]l//x\of] . /, d]/f] xft ;dfp"b} eGof] æTo;f] eP d]/f] ;]tf] n'uf ;lsPkl5 kl/jf/sf] ;xdlt geP klg xfdL ljjfx u/f}+nf===Æ
Tof] lbgsf] s'/fn] dgdf s]xL xf};nf ldNof] . lbgx? laTb} hfg yfn] . ptf d]/f] / ;/f]hsf] k|]dsf]
;DaGwdf s'g} sdL gcfPsfn] dnfO{ k'gM jL/u~h nfg] s'/f eof] . ;/f]h;"u ljjfx u/f}+, pm ;]tf] n'ufdf 5 . d st} kfun t x'"lbg
ca < dnfO{ 8/ nfUg yfNof] . To;kl5 d]/f] kl/jf/n] dnfO{ k'gM jL/u~h nUof] .
jL/u~h uP klg d ;/f]hs} ofbdf 8'la/xGy]+ . sf7df8f}+df 5"bf p;n] k7fPsf lr7Lx? / s]xL p;sf kmf]6fx?, hf] d}n]
n'sfPsL lyP", ltg} d]/f ;fyL eP . p;n] k7fPsf kqx? / p;sf] lgbf]{if kmf]6f] x]/]/ d PsfGtdf /f]O/xGy]+ . o;/L jL/u~h k'u]/
klg d]/f] Jojxf/df s'g} kl/jt{g ePg . of] d]/f] rfnf b]v]/ kl/jf/n] dk|lt ug]{ Jojxf/df k|z:t kl/jt{g cfpg yfNof] . Toltv]/
jL/u~hdf d]/f] dgsf] Joyf ;'lglbg] sf]xL lyPg . Toltv]/ k|]ddf kfun x'g] JolQmx?sf] ;+Vofdf d]/f] gfd ylkPnf eg]/ d c;fWo}
8/fp"y]+ lsgls dnfO{ dfgl;s tgfj al9/x]sf] lyof] .
l8o/ sNof0f
otf d]/f] cj:yf To:tf] 5 . ptf ;/f]hnfO{ a'afn] 3/df af]nfP/ ufnL ug'{, dnfO{ k'gM jL/u~h n}hfg' cflb sf/0fn]
st} ;/f]hn] g}, d pmaf6 6f9f x'g vf]h]sf] eGg] ;f]rfO agfPsf] t 5}g < d /fte/ ?Gy]+ oxL s'/fn] . s7} d]/f lbgx? s;/L lat]
d n]Vg} ;lSbg . lhGbuLn] dflg;nfO{ s;/L 7U5 / efUon] s;/L k5f5{ eGg] s'/f d]/f] lhGbuLn] dnfO{ l;sfp"b} uof] . d}n] Pslbg
km]l/ ;/f]hnfO{ p;sf] clkm;df kmf]g u/]+ / d]/f] a'afn] ;/f]hnfO{ ufnL u/]sf]df dfkmL dfu]+ . d]/f] ?g'afx]s s]xL ljsNk lyPg
. d kmf]gd} ?g yfn]+ . klxnf t p;n] s]xL eg]g t/ cGTodf p;n] dnfO{ eGof] æcfzf, ltd|f] kl/jf/n] zfob dnfO{ ltd|f] nflu of]Uo
b]v]g xf]nf . km]l/ oqf] jif{;Dd a'afcfdfn] x'sf{P/ a9fP/ oxf";Dd NofOk'¥ofpg'eof] . cfh cfP/ pxf"x?s}lj?4 hfg' plrt x'"b}g
ls Æ
æKnLh ;/f]h d ltdLaf6 klG5g rfx]sf] xf]Og . d]/f] kl/jf/n] dnfO{ hah{:tL oxf" Nofof] . dnfO{ cGoyf g;Dem===Æ
d s]xL af]Ng} ;lsg . lhp y/{/ sfKg yfNof] / kmf]g /flvlbP" . d]/f] dg g/fd|f];"u ef"lrP/ ?"b} 3/lt/ nfu]+ . 5]pdf Pp6f dlGb/
lyof] . ToxL+ a;]/ w]/}a]/ /f]P" / eujfg;"u d]/f] ;/f]h gl/;fcf];\Ú egL k|fy{gf u/]+ .
o;/L lbg laTb} uof] . otf ;/f]hsf] ;]tf] n'uf 5, ljjfxsf] s'g} rfG; 5}g . ptf d]/f] kl/jf/ dnfO{ gh/aGb u/]/,
sf]7fdf y'g]/ /fVb}5 . d]/f] lhGbuL lg/; aGb} uof] . a'afn] u/]sf] ufnLsf] rf]6 ;xg g;s]/ ;/f]h lau|"b} uof] . d]/f] Pp6f
dfq rfxgf lyof] ls d]/f] ;/f]h d;"u gl/;fcf];\ . ;do aUb} uof] . kfgLh:t} aUb} hfg] of] b'O{lbg] lhGbuL xfdLaf6 klg aUb} uof]
. d efu]/, a'afcfdfsf] cf"vf 5n]/ ;/f]hnfO{ kmf]g uy]{+ .
KnLh, d;"u gl/;fpg'xf];\ Æ
ælk|o, d sxf" l/;fPsf] 5' / ltdL;"u====Æ
kmf]gdf log} s'/f x'Gy] . d jL/u~haf6 sf7df8f}+ cfpg] pkfo ;f]Rg yfn]+ . TolQs}df d]/f] kl/jf/n]
ljjfxsf] s'/f cGoq} rnfpg yfn]5 . of] s'/f d}n] lbbLaf6 yfxf kfP" . To;kl5 t d eon] emg\emg\ sfKg yfn]+ . dnfO{ 3/d} y'g]/
/flvof] . Pslbg h] knf{knf{ eg]/ 3/af6 lgl:sP" / ;/f]hnfO{ p;sf] clkm;df kmf]g u/]+ t/ b'ef{Uo, pm Ps dlxgfsf] nflu ljb]zLx?;"u
kf]v/fnufotsf 7fp"df 3'Dg uPsf] /x]5 . d emg\ kLl8t eP" . /ftdf lgb|f klg nfUg 5f]8\of] . dgdf cg]s lsl;dsf efjgfx? pTkGg
x'gyfn] . ;/f]h;"u 5'l§P/ af"Rg'eGbf t dg'{ g} j]z d Toxf";Dd k'u]+ . lhGbuL lg/; / a]sf/ nfUYof] dnfO{ . ?g' / 56\kl6g'afx]s
d]/f] ljsNk s'g} lyPg . of] slt 7"nf] b'Mv xf] eGg] s'/f ef]Ug]nfO{ dfq yfxf x'G5 .
To;kl5 d]/f] kl/jf/n] dnfO{ sf7df8f}+ Nofof] . )%! ;fnsf] s'/f xf] of] . sf7df8f}+ cfPkl5 d}n]
;/f]hnfO{ kmf]g u/]+ . t/, pm cem} kf]v/faf6 cfPsf] lyPg . d}n] kf]v/fdf klg p;nfO{ ;Dks{ ug{ vf]h]+ t/ ;lsg . /, cGTodf dnfO{
d]/f] kl/jf/n] s]6f b]vfpg] eof] . Tof]/ft d}n] lhGbuLaf6} lj>fd lng] ljrf/ u/]+ t/ Tolta]nf d]/f] lbdfudf Pp6f k|Zg cfof]
. Tof] s] eg], dnfO{ d]/f] kl/jf/n] h'g s]6fnfO{ b]vfpg]5, Tof] s]6fn] d;"u s'/f ubf{ d}n] cfkm\gf] oyfy{tf ;a} atfOlbG5'
. To;kl5 t pm klG5G5 / d ;kmn x'G5' .
l8o/ sNof0f
d]/f] Tof] sfnf] lbg cfof] . )%! ;fnsf] c;f/ @) ut] dnfO{ pQm s]6fsf] cufl8 b]vfpg] sfo{qmd
eof] . Toxf" klg d]/f] b'ef{Uo z'? eof] . dnfO{ nlntk'/sf] Pp6f dlGb/df k"hf ug{ hf"bf Tof] s]6fnfO{ b]vfOPsf] /x]5 / p;n]
dnfO{ 6f9}af6 x]/]/ x'G5Ú elglbP5 . cfhsf] hdfgfdf @$ j6f s'/f s]6f;"u PsfGtdf ug{ gkfP/} ljjfxsf] s'/f 6'lËG5 eGg] s'/fdf
s;n] ljZjf; u5{ < ca d ;'gfp"b} hfG5' d]/f] lhGbuLsf] elTsPsf] syf . To;kl5 d]/f] k|]d pkxf; eof] . ;a}sf] cufl8 s]6fn]
dnfO{ :jLsfl/lbPkl5 d]/f] ;kgfsf] cGTo eof] . d]/f] k|]dsf] xTof eof] . /, cGTodf d]/f] kl/jf/n] )%! ;fnsf] efb| @* ut] d]/f]
ljjfxsf] kSsfkSsL u¥of] / dnfO{ x]/]sf] bf];|f] lbgd} sf7df8f}+ lgjf;L Pshgf Ol~hlgo/;"u d]/f] ljjfxsf] 6Lsf]6fnf] ;DkGg eof]
. Toltv]/ d}n] rfx]/ klg To;sf] k|ltsf/ ug{ ;lsg .
t/ crfgs ;fpgsf] klxnf] xKtfd} ;/f]h sf7df8f}+ cfof] / d}n] kmf]g ul//x]sf] yfxf kfP/ p;n] dnfO{
t'?Gt} kmf]g u¥of] . ;+of]ujz, 3/df sf]xL gePsfn] kmf]g d}n] p7fP" . kmf]gdf p;sf] :j/ ;'g]/ d]/f kfOnfx? y/{/ sfKg yfn] .
p;n] t}klg eGof] ælk|o, d ltdLnfO{ ef]ln e]6\g cfp"5' n Æ
æef]ln ldNb}g . cfh 3/df sf]xL 5}g . To;}n] cfh} a]n'sLkv lrl8ofvfgfdf cfpg'xf];\ g Æ
p;n] x'G5 eGof] . a]n'sL sl/a $ ah] d lrl8ofvfgflt/ nfu]+ . pm Toxf" cfO;s]sf] /x]5 . l6s6 lnP/
xfdL leq uof}+ . Toltv]/ ;/f]hsf] ;fdgf ug{;Sg] ;fx; ddf lyPg . xfdL kf]v/Lsf] 5]pdf a:of}+ . Tof]kn d}n] ?"b} ;a} s'/f eg]+
. d]/f] 6Lsf]6fnf] eO;s]sf] s'/f ;'g]/ ;/f]h /f]of] . w]/} /f]of] / s]xL gaf]nL lrl8ofvfgfaf6 ?"b} lgl:sof] . pm uPkl5 dnfO{
lrl8of3/sf] kf]v/Ldf kmfn xfNg dg nfUof] t/ clnslt af"Rg] nf]en] ug{ ;lsg / k/flht cfTdf lnP/ d ?"b}?"b} 3/ kms]{+ .
o;/L )%! ;fnsf] efb| dlxgfsf] @* ut] d]/f] ljjfx ;DkGg eof] . jiff}{+;Dd ;/f]hsL k|]ldsf eP/
p;s} c+ufnf]df af"lwPsL d To; lbgb]lv c? s;}sL >LdtL eP" . v} of] v]n lyof] of lgoltsf] b'ef{Uo yfxf 5}g . xfd|f] k|]d
ck"/f] eof] . d]/f] >Ldfg\ d]/f] jt{dfg lyof] eg] ;/f]h d]/f] ljut aGb} uof] . d}n] nfv sf]l;; u/]+ t/ ;/f]hnfO{ e'Ng ;lsg"
. Pslbg d km]l/ ljjflxt cj:yfd} ;/f]hsf] clkm; k'u]+ . dnfO{ b]Vgf;fy pm 5Ss k¥of] æcfzf, ltdL oxf" <Æ
æ;/f]h, d ltdLlagf af"Rg} ;lSbg . dnfO{ :jLsf/ ;/f]h, d ltd|L x'" .Æ d ?g yfn]+ . p;n] dnfO{
d ltdLnfO{ ef]ln e]6\5' eg]kl5 d 3/ kms]{+ . csf]{lbg d}n] p;nfO{ kmf]g u/]+ . xfd|f] e]6 eof] . Tof]kn d}n] ?"b} eg]+ æ;/f]h,
dnfO{ ltdLn] ljjfx u/==Æ
xfd|f] e]6 k'gM a9\b} uof] . To;aLrdf ;/f]h klg dh:t} b'MvL lyof] . pm lau|"b} uO/x]sf] lyof]
. lgb|fsf] cf}iflwlagf pm ;'Tg} ;Sb}gYof] . 8fOlhkfdÚ h:tf] gzfn" cf}iflw ;]jg uYof]{ pm . t/, of] s'/f dnfO{ yfxf lyPg .
xfd|f] e]6 k'gM cf}krfl/s x'g yfn]kl5 d}n] k'gM ;/f]hnfO{ ljjfxsf] lglDt bafj lbP" . Tof]kn pm d;"u hLjgdf klxnf]kN6 l/;fP/
eGof] æcfzf, ljjfx g} k|]dsf] cGTo xf]Og . g t ;kmntf g} . ltdL t ca s;}sL kTgL e};Sof} . To;}n] KhLn, ef]lnb]lv ltdL dnfO{
e]6\g] tyf kmf]g ug]{ sf]l;; gu/ Æ
olt eg]/ pm 5'l§of] . d ?"b} 3/ kms]{+ . Tof]lbg a]n'sL >Ldfg\n] xfd|f] ;DaGwsf] s'/f yfxf
kfP/ ;f]Wg'eof] . d}n] ;a} s'/f lbn vf]n]/ eg]+ . h;af6 xfd|f] ljjfb a9\b} uof] . Ps lsl;dn] d pxf"af6 ;Gt'i6 lyOg eg] pxf"
klg daf6 ;Gt'i6 x'g'x'GgYof] . t}klg ;donfO{ d}n] l3;fb}{ nu]+ / cGTodf xfdL >Ldfg\>LdtLaLr a9\b} uPsf] emu8fn] lj5f]8sf]
?k lnof] . xfdLn] ;DaGwljR5]b u¥of}+ .
;/f]h, d}n] Tof] lbgb]lv ltdLnfO{ lg/Gt/ vf]lh/x]sL 5' . ltdLn] clkm; 5f]8]sf] klg w]/} eof]
. xfd|f] k|]d c;kmn x'g'df ltdLeGbf w]/} bf]ifL d 5' . ljutdf ltdL;"u lx+8]sf b'O{ sbd d}n] la;]{sf] 5}g . xfdLaLrsf] of]
lj5f]8n] w]/} rf]6 vfg'k/]sf] 5 d}n] . ltdLn] d]/f] va/ glnP klg dnfO{ ltd|f] ljifodf w]/} yfxf 5 . d]/f] ljjfxsf] lbg ltdL
gzfdf 8'a]/ hfpnfv]n lrl8of3/sf] ToxL 7fp"df ;'t]sf lyof} /], hxf" xfd|f] clGtd e]6 ePsf] lyof] . dnfO{ yfxf 5, d}n] wf]sf
lbP/ ltdL w]/} ab\lnPsf 5f} . olb To;f] gx'"bf] xf] t /S;L eg]kl5 gfs r]Ko|fpg] ltdL lsg /S;L lkp"5f} < bfx|L lsg kfN5f}
< olb oL ;a s'/fsf] sf/s oxL cfzf xf] eg] pm cem} klg ltdL;"u dfkmL dfUb} gtd:ts x'g tof/ 5] . cGTodf ltdLn] g} n]v]sf]
Pp6f sljtf ;Dem t
km"n hlQs} sf]dn geP klg kTy/ cjZo xf]Og em}+ nfU5
cfkm\gf] x'g} gkfP/ st} ltdLn] lal;{lbg] t xf]Ogf} h:tf] nfU5
o;} eG5g\ d]/f cg'e"ltx?
dnfO{ klg To:t} nfU5 .
;f"RrL, g9f"6L eg t ;/f]h
ltdLnfO{ of] lhGbuL s:tf] nfU5 <
